Exodus 1

Chapter 1: Israelites Multiply in Egypt

Background History and Timeline: Exodus continues the narrative of the Israelites, starting from their multiplication in Egypt to their liberation from slavery and journey toward the Promised Land. The book likely dates back to the late 15th or early 14th century BCE, during the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age.

Locations Mentioned: The chapter primarily focuses on Egypt, where the Israelites reside as slaves.

Themes and Conflicts: Exodus 1 introduces the oppression of the Israelites in Egypt and the eventual rise of Moses as their deliverer. It explores themes of oppression, resilience, and God's faithfulness to His covenant promises.

Main Characters: The main characters in this chapter include the Israelites, Pharaoh, and the midwives Shiphrah and Puah.

Specific Passages:

• Exodus 1:12: "But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the people of Israel."

Explanation: Exodus 1 begins with a brief summary of the growth and prosperity of the Israelites in Egypt. Despite being foreigners, they multiply and become a significant population, which raises concerns among the Egyptians.

The new Pharaoh, who did not know Joseph, perceives the Israelites as a threat due to their increasing numbers. He enslaves them and imposes harsh labor upon them, hoping to weaken and control their population.

However, the Israelites continue to multiply and thrive, causing Pharaoh to escalate his oppression by ordering the midwives, Shiphrah and Puah, to kill all newborn Hebrew boys. However, the midwives fear God and refuse to carry out Pharaoh's command, allowing the boys to live.

Exodus 1 sets the stage for the unfolding conflict between Pharaoh and the Israelites, as well as the eventual rise of Moses as their deliverer. It highlights the resilience of the Israelites in the face of oppression and God's faithfulness in preserving His people even in the darkest times.

The chapter also foreshadows the themes of liberation and redemption that will characterize the rest of the Exodus narrative.